March 11, 2009
Mark Weisbrot
The Guardian Unlimited, March 11, 2009
Common Dreams, March 12, 2009
See article on original website
The U.S. State Department’s annual human rights report got an unusual amount of criticism this year. This time the center-left coalition government of Chile was notable in joining other countries such as Bolivia, Venezuela, and China – who have had more rocky relations with Washington – in questioning the “moral authority” of the U.S. government’s judging other countries’ human rights practices.
It’s a reasonable question, and the fact that more democratic governments are asking it may signal a tipping point. Clearly a state that is responsible for such high-profile torture and abuses as took place at Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo, the regular killing of civilians in Afghanistan and Iraq, and has reserved for itself the right to kidnap people and send them to prisons in other countries to be tortured (“extraordinary rendition”) has a credibility problem on human rights issues.
Although President Obama has pledged to close down the prison at Guantanamo and outlaw torture by U.S. officials, he has so far decided not to abolish the practice of “extraordinary rendition,” and is escalating the war in Afghanistan. But this tipping point may go beyond any differences – and they are quite significant – between the current administration and its predecessor.
In the past, Washington was able to position itself as an important judge of human rights practices despite being complicit or directly participating in some of the worst, large-scale human rights atrocities of the post-World War II era – in Vietnam, Indonesia, Central America, and other places. This makes no sense from a strictly logical point of view, but it could persist primarily because the United States was judged not on how it treated persons outside its borders but within them. Internally, the United States has had a relatively well-developed system of the rule of law, trial by jury, an independent judiciary, and other constitutional guarantees (although these did not extend to African-Americans in most of the Southern United States prior to the 1960s civil rights reforms). Washington was able to contrast these conditions with those of its main adversary during the Cold War – the Soviet Union. The powerful influence of the United States over the international media helped ensure that this was the primary framework under which human rights were presented to most of the world.
The Bush Administration’s “shredding of the Constitution” at home and overt support for human rights abuses abroad has fostered not only a change in image but perhaps the standards by which “the judge” will henceforth be judged. One example may help illustrate the point: China has for several years responded to the State Department’s human rights report by publishing its own report on the United States. It includes a catalogue of social ills in the United States, including crime, prison and police abuse, racial and gender discrimination, poverty and inequality. But the last section is entitled “On the violation of human rights in other nations.”
The argument is that the abuse of people in other countries – including the more than one million people who have been killed as a result of the United States’ illegal invasion and occupation of Iraq – must now be taken into account when evaluating the human rights record of the United States.
With this criterion included, a country such as China – which does not have a free press, democratic elections, or other guarantees that western democracies treasure – can claim that it is as qualified to judge the United States on human rights as vice versa.
U.S.-based human rights organizations will undoubtedly see the erosion of Washington’s credibility on these issues as a loss – and understandably so, since the United States is still a powerful country, and they hope to use this power to pressure other countries on human rights issues. But they too should be careful to avoid the kind of politicization that has earned notoriety for the State Department’s annual report – which clearly discriminates between allies and “adversary” countries in its evaluations.
The case of the recent Human Rights Watch report on Venezuela illustrates the dangers of this spillover of the politicization of human rights from the U.S. government to Washington-based non-governmental organizations (NGO’s). More than 100 scholars and academics wrote a letter complaining about the report, arguing that it did not meet “minimal standards of scholarship, impartiality, accuracy, or credibility.” For example, the report alleges that the Venezuelan government discriminates against political opponents in the provision of government services; but as evidence for this charge it provides only one alleged incident involving one person, in programs that serve many millions of Venezuelans. Human Rights Watch responded with a defense of its report, but the exchange of letters indicates that HRW would have been better off acknowledging the report’s errors and prejudice, and taking corrective measures.
Independence from Washington will be increasingly important for international human rights organizations going forward if they don’t want to suffer the same loss of international legitimacy on human rights that the U.S. government has. Amnesty International’s report last month calling for an arms embargo on both Israel and Hamas following Israel’s assault on Gaza – emphasizing that the Obama administration should “immediately suspend U.S. military aid to Israel” until “there is no longer a substantial risk that such equipment will be used for serious violations of international humanitarian law and human rights abuses” – is a positive example. The report’s statement that “Israel’s military intervention in the Gaza Strip has been equipped to a large extent by U.S.-supplied weapons, munitions and military equipment paid for with U.S. taxpayers’ money,” undoubtedly didn’t win friends in the U.S. government. But this is the kind of independent advocacy that strengthens the international credibility of human rights groups, and it is badly needed.
Mark Weisbrot is co-director of the Center for Economic and Policy Research, in Washington, D.C. He received his Ph.D. in economics from the University of Michigan. He is co-author, with Dean Baker, of Social Security: The Phony Crisis (University of Chicago Press, 2000), and has written numerous research papers on economic policy. He is also president of Just Foreign Policy.
